Erik H Erikson was a German-American developmental psychologist who is known for his theory on psychosocial development. Erikson's theory suggests that there are eight stages of psychosocial development, each associated with a specific conflict that a person must resolve in order to progress to the next stage.
Erikson was born in 1902 in Germany.
He moved to the United States in 1933 and became a citizen in 1939.
Erikson worked at various institutions including Harvard Medical School, the University of California, and the Austen Riggs Center.
He published numerous books and articles throughout his career, including his most famous work, 'Identity: Youth and Crisis' in 1968.
Erikson died in 1994 at the age of 91.
Jean Piaget was a Swiss developmental psychologist known for his theory of cognitive development. Piaget's theory suggests that children progress through four stages of cognitive development, each marked by different abilities and skills.
Lev Vygotsky was a Soviet psychology who is known for his theory of social development. Vygotsky's theory suggests that children develop through social interactions and that culture and society play a critical role in their cognitive development.
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Erikson's theory suggests that there are eight stages of psychosocial development, each associated with a specific conflict that a person must resolve in order to progress to the next stage. The eight stages are: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair.
Erikson was a developmental psychologist who is known for his theory of psychosocial development. His theory suggests that individuals progress through a series of eight stages from infancy to old age, and that the successful resolution of certain conflicts at each stage is essential for healthy psychosocial development.
Some critics argue that Erikson's theory is too focused on the experiences of middle-class, white, Western individuals, and that it neglects the experiences of people from different cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. Others argue that his theory places too much emphasis on the resolution of particular conflicts and not enough on the broader societal and cultural factors that shape people's lives.
Erikson's theory of identity development is central to his psychosocial theory. He argues that adolescence is a critical time for the formation of identity and that individuals must navigate various crises and conflicts in order to develop a cohesive sense of self. The resolution of these conflicts helps individuals move toward a sense of identity that is stable, coherent, and well-defined.
While Erikson's theory was influenced by Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Erikson placed more emphasis on the sociocultural factors that shape a person's development. For example, Erikson believed that social interactions and cultural norms play an important role in shaping personality and identity, whereas Freud saw personality as primarily determined by internal, unconscious psychological processes like the id, ego, and superego.